1. Introduction to Jhelum City, Punjab Pakistan: “The City of Soldiers”
Jhelum the district of Punjab Pakistan is the land of brave men Known as the city of Soldiers. Jhelum is a historic city located on the West Bank of the Jhelum River in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Situated in the northern part of the province, it serves as the administrative capital of the Jhelum District. Known for its rich military history, cultural heritage, and scenic beauty, Jhelum is one of the most important cities in Punjab.
With a population that ranks it as the 31st largest city in Pakistan, Jhelum is home to a vibrant community that has played a pivotal role in the history of the region. The city is particularly renowned for its longstanding tradition of producing soldiers for both the British Army during the colonial era and the Pakistan Armed Forces after independence. Because of its significant contribution to the military, Jhelum is often referred to as the “City of Soldiers” or the “Land of Martyrs and Warriors.”
2. Geographical Location of Jhelum
Jhelum is strategically located in the northern region of Punjab, Pakistan, along the banks of the Jhelum River, which has played a crucial role in shaping the city’s identity for centuries. This river is not only an essential water source but also contributes to the fertile agricultural landscape surrounding the city. Situated approximately 114 kilometers (71 miles) north of Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan, Jhelum serves as an important link between northern Punjab and the rest of the country, providing easy access to both rural and urban areas. The city’s geography is a unique blend of lush riverbanks, fertile plains, and mountainous terrain, offering a balance between agriculture and natural beauty. The fertile lands along the river allow for successful farming of crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton, which are key contributors to the local economy.
Location
Details
Geographical Coordinates
32°56′ North latitude, 73°44′ East longitude
Proximity to Major Cities
– 1.5 hours from Islamabad (Capital City) – 3 hours from Lahore (Heart of Punjab)
The history of Jhelum spans thousands of years, from ancient civilizations to modern-day Pakistan. The city is known for its association with important events, including the historic Battle of the Hydaspes and its subsequent role during various empires such as the Mughal Empire, the British Raj, and post-independence Pakistan.
3.1 The Battle of the Hydaspes: Alexander’s Conquest
One of the most famous events in Jhelum’s history is the Battle of the Hydaspes, fought in 326 BCE. This battle saw the forces of Alexander the Great clash with King Porus of the Paurava kingdom. The battle took place near the banks of the Jhelum River, where Alexander emerged victorious. The battle is significant not only for its military impact but also for marking the boundary between Alexander’s empire and the Indian subcontinent.
3.2 Jhelum During the Mughal Era
Under the Mughal Empire, Jhelum flourished as an important trade and military hub. The city benefitted from Mughal architectural and administrative advancements, which helped shape its infrastructure and cultural fabric. The Mughal influence on the region can still be seen in local architecture, including several forts and monuments.
4. Military Legacy: The City of Soldiers
Jhelum is often called the “City of Soldiers” due to its long-standing military tradition. The city has produced many soldiers who served in the British Army during colonial rule and later in the Pakistan Armed Forces.
4.1 Contributions to the British Army
Before Pakistan’s independence in 1947, Jhelum was a significant recruitment center for the British Army. Many men from Jhelum served in both World War I and World War II, as well as in other military campaigns of the British Empire. This military legacy has left a lasting impact on the city, shaping its identity as a land of warriors.
4.2 Pakistan Armed Forces and Jhelum’s Role
Following Pakistan’s independence, Jhelum continued its tradition of military service by contributing soldiers to the newly formed Pakistan Armed Forces. The city played a crucial role in various conflicts, including the wars with India in 1947, 1965, and 1971, where many soldiers from Jhelum made the ultimate sacrifice.
4.3 Memorials and Military Sites
Jhelum is home to several memorials and military sites dedicated to the sacrifices of its soldiers. The city honors its fallen heroes with monuments, including war memorials and the Jhelum Military Cemetery, where soldiers who died in service are buried.
5. Key Landmarks and Tourist Attractions in Jhelum
Jhelum is rich in historical landmarks, architectural wonders, and natural beauty. Several key tourist attractions reflect the city’s diverse cultural heritage and historical significance.
5.1 Rohtas Fort: A UNESCO World Heritage Site
One of the most iconic landmarks in Jhelum is Rohtas Fort, located just outside the city. Built by Sher Shah Suri in the 16th century, the fort is an architectural marvel and an important symbol of military strategy. The fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to its impressive construction and historical importance. It was designed to protect the region from invasions and remains one of the finest examples of military architecture in South Asia.
5.2 Jhelum Museum: A Window into the Past
The Jhelum Museum houses a vast collection of artifacts from the city’s long history, including items from the time of Alexander the Great, the Mughal Empire, and the British Raj. The museum offers valuable insights into the city’s cultural and historical evolution.
5.3 Pir Chinasi Shrine: A Spiritual Retreat
Situated on the hills near Jhelum, the Pir Chinasi Shrine is a significant religious site for Sufi Muslims. The shrine is dedicated to the Sufi saint Pir Chinasi and attracts visitors from across the region. The scenic location provides breathtaking views of the surrounding valleys and makes it a peaceful retreat for pilgrims and nature enthusiasts alike.
6. Demography of Jehlum City
Certainly! Below is a table summarizing the key demographic information about Jehlum:
Category
Details
City Population
Approximately 188,800 (as of 2012)
Rank by Population
32nd largest city in Pakistan
Total Area
22 km² (8.5 sq mi)
Population Density
261 individuals per square kilometer
Population Growth Rate
1.51% (lower compared to other urban areas in Pakistan)
Majority Religion
98.47% Muslim
Minority Communities
1.36% Christians (minority, contributing to the social fabric)
Literacy Rate
79% (second highest in Pakistan after Islamabad)
Literacy Rate in Punjab
58% (lower than Jehlum’s literacy rate)
Literacy Progress Over Time
Increased from 38.9% in 1981 to 79%
Urban Literacy Rate
Higher in urban areas for both males and females
Electricity Access
84% of the population has access to electricity
Water Access
96% of the population has access to clean drinking water
Human Development Index (HDI)
0.770, the highest in Pakistan after Karachi
This table succinctly presents the demographic and development statistics of Jehlum, showcasing its growth, literacy, and access to essential services.
Here is a table presenting the religious groups in Jhelum City from 1881 to 2017:
Religious Group
1881 Population
1881 %
1891 Population
1891 %
1901 Population
1901 %
1911 Population
1911 %
1921 Population
1921 %
1931 Population
1931 %
1941 Population
1941 %
2017 Population
2017 %
Islam
11,369
53.86%
7,373
57.25%
8,322
55.66%
10,470
53.21%
10,816
59.89%
13,980
59.49%
19,416
58.5%
185,323
97.3%
Hinduism
7,966
37.74%
4,250
33%
4,350
29.1%
5,824
29.6%
5,379
29.78%
6,304
26.83%
8,936
26.92%
50
0.03%
Sikhism
1,460
6.92%
1,064
8.26%
2,074
13.87%
3,029
15.39%
1,497
8.29%
2,581
10.98%
3,950
11.9%
—
—
Jainism
0
0%
28
0.22%
15
0.1%
25
0.13%
33
0.18%
69
0.29%
146
0.44%
—
—
Christianity
—
—
153
1.19%
190
1.27%
326
1.66%
334
1.85%
565
2.4%
619
1.86%
4,560
2.39%
Zoroastrianism
—
—
9
0.07%
0
0%
3
0.02%
1
0.01%
0
0%
—
—
—
—
Judaism
—
—
1
0.01%
0
0%
1
0.01%
0
0%
0
0%
—
—
—
—
Buddhism
—
—
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
—
—
—
—
Ahmadiyya
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
533
0.28%
Others
312
1.48%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
0
0%
124
0.37%
This table clearly displays the changes in the religious composition of Jhelum city from 1881 to 2017. It highlights the significant growth of the Muslim population while the number of Hindus and Sikhs declined. It also shows the presence of minority groups such as Christians, Ahmadiyyas, and others.
7. Climate of Jhelum City
Climate of Jhelum City
Jhelum experiences a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate, classified as Köppen Cwa. This means that the city has extremely hot and humid summers with dry winters. Here’s an overview of the climate:
Summer Season
Temperature: During the pre-monsoon season (April to June), temperatures can soar up to 49.2°C (120.6°F).
Humidity: The summer months are often sweltering and extremely humid, making the climate quite uncomfortable.
Rainfall: Although there is some rain during the summer, the total annual rainfall remains relatively low.
Winter Season
Temperature: Winters in Jhelum are generally dry and cold. The minimum recorded temperature during winter can drop to −0.6°C (30.9°F).
Dry Conditions: The winter months do not typically experience significant rainfall, and the weather is characterized by clear skies and cool winds.
Annual Rainfall
Average Annual Rainfall: Jhelum receives about 850 millimetres (33 inches) of rainfall annually, which is relatively low given the high evaporation rates in the region.
Rainfall Impact: Despite the average rainfall, during the rainy season, the influx of water from the northern regions flows rapidly into the Jhelum River, often causing flooding and damage to crops, roads, and bridges. This rapid influx of water contributes to soil erosion in the district.
Global Climate Change Impact
Like many other places around the world, Jhelum has also been affected by global climate change. There have been noticeable changes in rainfall patterns and temperature fluctuations. The comparison charts from Weatherbase and NOAA show a distinct difference in rainfall between 1990 and 2015, suggesting that the climate in Jhelum, particularly regarding rainfall distribution, has become more unpredictable over the years.
This climate pattern also impacts agricultural activities, as erratic rainfall patterns can lead to either drought or flooding, both of which negatively affect crops and livelihoods in the region. With global climate shifts, it is expected that Jhelum’s climate may continue to face changes, demanding more adaptive strategies for its agricultural and infrastructural development.
8. Cuisine of Jhelum: A Flavorful Journey
The food of Jhelum is as diverse as its culture, with Punjabi, Mughal, and regional influences shaping its culinary offerings. The cuisine is characterized by bold flavors, aromatic spices, and hearty dishes that reflect the agricultural abundance of the region.
8.1 Signature Dishes of Jhelum
Popular dishes in Jhelum include Sajji (whole roasted lamb or chicken), Chapli Kebab, Biryani, and Gajar ka Halwa (a sweet dessert made from carrots). These dishes are often enjoyed during festivals, family gatherings, and weddings.
8.2 Street Food and Snacks
Jhelum’s street food scene is vibrant and diverse. Street vendors offer an array of delicious snacks such as Samosas, Pakoras, Gol Gappas, and Chaat. These tasty treats are enjoyed by both locals and tourists alike.
9. Education and Healthcare in Jhelum
Jhelum has made significant strides in improving both its education and healthcare systems. The city is home to a number of educational institutions and medical facilities, ensuring that residents have access to quality services.
9.1 Schools and Universities
Jhelum offers a range of educational institutions, including public schools, private schools, and colleges. Here’s the educational infrastructure of Jhelum presented in a table format:
Educational Institutions
Details
University of the Punjab, Jhelum Campus
Provides undergraduate and postgraduate programs in Business, Commerce, Law, and Computer Science. Located near Rathiyan, Kala Gujran, and Satellite Town.
Virtual University of Pakistan – Civil Lines Campus
Offers distance learning programs in various disciplines, located opposite City Church.
Private Virtual Campus – Wings Institute of Learning
Private institution offering virtual learning opportunities for students in flexible programs.
Degree Colleges for Women
6 colleges providing education at degree level in arts, science, and commerce for female students.
Degree Colleges for Men
10 colleges offering degree programs for male students across various academic disciplines.
Co-Education Colleges
6 co-education colleges offering intermediate and degree-level programs for both male and female students.
Commerce Colleges
6 colleges offering specialized education in commerce, accounting, and business management.
Law College
A specialized college offering law programs and preparing students for careers in the legal profession.
Higher Secondary Schools
Numerous higher secondary schools offering education in various streams such as science, arts, and commerce for students after matriculation.
High Schools
Over 150 high schools in Jhelum, providing education from primary to secondary levels.
Literacy Rate
79%, significantly higher than the national average and one of the best in Punjab.
Focus on Education
Emphasis on quality education with modern facilities, contributing to a high literacy rate and strong academic foundations for students.
Higher Education Opportunities
Students have access to both public universities and private institutes, offering a variety of educational programs, including distance learning options.
This table provides an overview of the educational institutions and programs available in Jhelum, demonstrating the city’s commitment to fostering academic growth and learning opportunities.
9.2 Healthcare Services
Jhelum has several hospitals and clinics that provide medical care to residents. The healthcare system continues to improve with better access to modern medical technologies, and new initiatives are being implemented to improve the overall health of the population.
10. Transportation and Connectivity in Jhelum
Jhelum is well-connected to other cities in Pakistan through various forms of transportation, making it easy to travel to and from the city.
10.1 Road Connectivity
The city is linked to Islamabad, Rawalpindi, and Lahore by a network of highways and roads. The GT Road (Grand Trunk Road), a major highway in Pakistan, runs through Jhelum, providing convenient access to neighboring regions.
10.2 Rail Services
Jhelum is also served by a railway station, which connects the city to other major cities in Pakistan. The station facilitates both passenger and freight transport, making it an important part of the city’s transportation infrastructure.
11. The Economy of Jhelum: Agriculture and Industry
Jhelum’s economy is based on
a combination of agriculture, industry, and trade. The fertile lands surrounding the Jhelum River make it an important agricultural center, while the growing industrial base is helping diversify the economy.
11.1 Agriculture: The Backbone of Jhelum’s Economy
Agriculture plays a significant role in Jhelum’s economy. The region produces a variety of crops, including wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton. The fertile soil and irrigation provided by the Jhelum River make it an ideal location for farming.
11.2 Industrial Growth
Jhelum has also seen growth in the textile, manufacturing, and food processing industries. These sectors contribute to the city’s economic development and provide employment opportunities to many locals.
12. Safety and Security in Jhelum
Jhelum is considered to be a relatively safe city compared to many other regions in Pakistan. The presence of local law enforcement and community-based initiatives ensures the safety of residents and visitors.
12.1 Law and Order
The city has a functioning police force that works to maintain law and order. Additionally, community organizations play a role in ensuring the security and well-being of the population.
13. Famous Personalities in Jhelum
14. Sports and Recreational Activities in Jhelum
Sports and recreation are essential parts of life in Jhelum. Cricket, football, and hockey are popular among the youth, and the city has a number of parks and open spaces for leisure and physical activities.
14.1 Cricket: The National Passion
Cricket is the most popular sport in Jhelum, as it is across Pakistan. The city has several local cricket grounds where enthusiasts participate in friendly matches and tournaments.
14.2 Outdoor Activities
For those who enjoy nature and the outdoors, Jhelum offers opportunities for hiking, fishing, and exploring nearby hills and valleys.
15. Living in Jhelum: Quality of Life
The quality of life in Jhelum is relatively peaceful and affordable, making it an attractive option for those seeking a quieter lifestyle away from the bustle of larger cities like Lahore or Islamabad.
15.1 Cost of Living
The cost of living in Jhelum is lower than in other major cities, with affordable housing, food, and transportation. This makes it an ideal location for families and retirees looking for a comfortable life.
16. Future of Jhelum: Prospects and Development
Jhelum is on a path of continued growth and development. With improving infrastructure and growing industries, the city is poised for economic and social advancement.
16.1 Infrastructure Projects
Ongoing urban development projects focus on improving roads, housing, and transportation networks, making the city more accessible and modern.
17. Social Life in Jhelum
Jhelum’s social life revolves around family gatherings, community events, and religious celebrations. The close-knit community fosters a sense of belonging and shared responsibility.
17.1 Community and Family Values
Family is at the heart of life in Jhelum, with social events often revolving around family gatherings, weddings, and religious observances.
18. Environmental Conservation Efforts in Jhelum
Environmental sustainability is becoming an important focus for Jhelum, as urbanization and industrialization grow.
18.1 Green Spaces and Initiatives
The city has green spaces and parks where residents can enjoy nature. Local initiatives are working to preserve the natural beauty of the region.
19. Challenges Facing Jhelum
Like many growing cities, Jhelum faces its share of challenges, including managing rapid urbanization, environmental concerns, and economic disparities.
20. Conclusion: The Spirit of Jhelum
Jhelum’s combination of history, culture, military legacy, and modern development makes it a unique city in Pakistan. As it continues to grow and evolve, it remains deeply connected to its traditions and heritage, offering both residents and visitors a glimpse into the past and a promising future.
1. Where is Jhelum city located in Pakistan?
Jhelum is in Punjab, Pakistan, located 1.5 hours from Islamabad and 3 hours from Lahore.
2. How do I travel to Jhelum from Islamabad?
You can drive to Jhelum from Islamabad in about 1.5 hours via National Highway N-5.
3. What is Jhelum famous for?
Jhelum is famous for its historical significance, fan manufacturing, textiles, and the Rohtas Fort.
4. What industries are present in Jhelum city?
Jhelum is known for fan manufacturing, textiles, furniture, and timber industries.
5. What is the climate of Jhelum like?
Jhelum has a hot semi-arid climate with hot summers and mild winters.
6. What are the top tourist attractions in Jhelum?
Top attractions include Rohtas Fort, Mangla Dam, and scenic riverside areas.
7. Is Jhelum well-connected to other cities in Pakistan?
Yes, Jhelum is well-connected to cities like Gujrat, Gujranwala, Chakwal, and Mirpur via National Highway N-5.
8. Why Jhelum city is called Land of Soldiers?/ Which city is called land of Soldiers?
The population of Jhelum city is around 200,000, with the district population over 1.5 million.
9. When is the best time to visit Jhelum?
The best time to visit Jhelum is from October to March when the weather is cool and pleasant.
10. Are there educational institutions in Jhelum?
Yes, Jhelum has several schools, colleges, and universities offering various academic programs.
Jhelum the district of Punjab Pakistan is the land of brave men Known as the city of Soldiers. Jhelum is a historic city located on the West Bank of the Jhelum River in the Punjab province of Pakistan. Situated in the northern part of the province, it serves as the administrative capital of the Jhelum District. Known for its rich military history, cultural heritage, and scenic beauty, Jhelum is one of the most important cities in Punjab.
With a population that ranks it as the 31st largest city in Pakistan, Jhelum is home to a vibrant community that has played a pivotal role in the history of the region. The city is particularly renowned for its longstanding tradition of producing soldiers for both the British Army during the colonial era and the Pakistan Armed Forces after independence. Because of its significant contribution to the military, Jhelum is often referred to as the “City of Soldiers” or the “Land of Martyrs and Warriors.”
